magnet, permanent magnet

- Alnico ( AlNiCo ): Alnico magnet alloy is largely comprised of Aluminum, Nickel, Cobalt and Iron. Alnico is a moderately expensive magnet material because of the Cobalt and Nickel content. This alloy has very good corrosion resistance and a high maximum operating temperature. Some grades of this alloy can operate upwards of 550¡ãC. Magnets made with this alloy are available in a variety of grades and dimensions and they are usually cast and finish ground to size. Alnico magnet material is a mature technology and it has a relatively low Energy Product (BHmax) . This material is now mainly used in military, aerospace, older proprietary designs and in applications where the magnet will be exposed to elevated temperatures.
- Ceramic : Ceramic magnet material (Ferrite) is Strontium Ferrite. This material is one of the most cost effective magnetic materials manufactured in industry. The low cost is due to the cheap, abundant, and non-strategic raw materials used in manufacturing this alloy. The permanent magnets made with this material lend themselves to large production runs. This magnet material has a fair to good resistance to corrosion and it can operate in moderate heat. The majority of the world¡¯s Ceramic magnetic material comes from China because of the alloy¡¯s commodity nature and the high tooling costs found in the west. Ceramic magnets have a low Energy Product and they are usually used in an assembly containing mild steel.
- Rare Earth : Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) and Samarium Cobalt (SmCo) are called Rare Earth because Neodymium and Samarium are found in the rare earth elements on the periodic table. Both Neodymium and Samarium Cobalt alloys are powdered metals which are compacted in the presence of a magnetic field and are then sintered.
- Neodymium ( NdFeB ) : Neodymium, or Neo, is made up of Neodymium Iron and Boron and is moderate in price. With poor corrosion resistance this alloy is usually plated or coated (Examples: Nickel Plated, Epoxy Coated, Parylene Coated). Neodymium is offered in a range of operating temperatures depending on your application (80¡ãC to 200¡ãC). Premium Neodymium Alloys capable of operating above 120¡ãC can become quite expensive. This permanent magnet material has many intellectual property rights associated with it and there are a limited number of licensed manufacturers in the world. Many infringing manufacturers from the Pacific-rim dump sub par material into the Western markets. This magnet material is extremely powerful and it has allowed for the miniaturization of many products from HDD (Hard Disc Drives) and motors to novelties and audio devices. Neodymium permanent magnets usually offer the best value when comparing price and performance.
- Samarium Cobalt ( SmCo ) : Samarium Cobalt is made up of largely Samarium and Cobalt and it is the most expensive magnet material to manufacture and to fabricate. Most of the cost is due to the high Cobalt content and the brittle nature of the alloy. This permanent magnet material offers high resistance to corrosion and it can withstand high operating temperatures, up to 350¡ãC. This material is used extensively in the aerospace market or in areas of industry where performance is the priority concern and cost is secondary. Samarium Cobalt is the second most powerful magnet material and it exhibits excellent resistance to demagnetization.
- Bonded (Composite) : Bonded magnet materials can be made from Alnico, Ceramic, NdFeB, or SmCo powders which are combined with a variety of plastic binders (Matrix). They can be either Injection Molded or Compression Bonded into complex shapes with finished dimensions. Bonded materials have a moderate resistance to corrosion and a low tolerance to heat because of the binder material. Bonded magnet materials are commonly used in automotive parts because they lend themselves to large production quantities and complex shape can be produced at a low cost.
Flexible (Composite) : Flexible magnets are manufactured by mixing Ferrite or Neodymium magnet powders and synthetic or natural rubber binders. Flexible is manufactured by rolling (calendaring) or extrusion methods. Versatility, low cost, and ease of use are among the reasons to choose ferrite based flexible magnets for your application. This magnet material is usually manufactured in strip or sheet form and it is used in micro-motors, gaskets, novelties, signs, and displays. Ferrite flexible magnet material is very low energy and it does not usually replace fully dense magnet materials. Flexible Neodymium material is higher in strength, but is it is made in limited quantities and the cost is high.

permanent magnet

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